Verbs · 1 of 8

Verb tense basics

Past, future and ongoing, with personal endings.

Verbs end with a personal ending that agrees with the subject, so the pronoun is often left out. The dictionary form ends in -ఉ -u: చేయు cēyu "do", తిను tinu "eat".

The future form also says what you do regularly; Telugu has no separate simple present. The ongoing form is for what is happening now.

The endings

Each tense has its own middle part, and the personal endings after it are much the same in every tense:

SubjectEnding
నేను nēnu-ను -nu
నువ్వు nuvvu-వు -vu
అతను atanu-డు -ḍu
ఆమె āme, అది adi-ది -di
మేము mēmu, మనం manaṁ-ము -mu
మీరు mīru, వాళ్ళు vāḷḷu-రు -ru
అవి avi-యి -yi

In speech, -ఆము is usually shortened to -ఆం -āṁ: చేశాం cēśāṁ, చేస్తాం cēstāṁ.

Other verbs

The past and future change a verb's stem in ways best learned verb by verb. The other forms follow from the future: for the ongoing tense, change -తాను to -తున్నాను (తింటాను tiṁṭānu → తింటున్నాను tiṁṭunnānu), and for "she" in the future, change -తాను to -తుంది (తింటుంది tiṁṭuṁdi).

The past is usually the joining form (Joining actions) with its final -ఇ changed to -ఆను: చదివి cadivi → చదివాను cadivānu. After స, the past is usually spelled with శ (చేసి cēsi → చేశాను cēśānu), and after న, the న doubles (తిని tini → తిన్నాను tinnānu).

ఉండు "be"

ఉండు uṁḍu "be, stay" is the verb for being somewhere and for existing (Is and is not). Its past forms serve for "is" as well as "was".

ఉంది uṁdi is short for ఉన్నది unnadi, which formal writing uses. The future also means "live": నేను విజయవాడలో ఉంటాను nēnu vijayavāḍalō uṁṭānu "I live in Vijayawada".

Used to

For what used to happen, add వాడిని vāḍini (a man speaking) or దాన్ని dānni (a woman speaking) to the -ఏ form of the verb (Describing with verbs): చేసేవాడిని cēsēvāḍini, చేసేదాన్ని cēsēdānni "I used to do". For others: చేసేవాడు cēsēvāḍu "he used to", చేసేది cēsēdi "she used to", చేసేవాళ్ళు cēsēvāḷḷu "they used to".

Cards from this guide

10 cards

Each card asks about one thing this guide teaches, and its back gives the answer with why and an example. They're reviewed with the rest of the Verbs cards.

  • What tells you who the subject is when a Telugu verb like వస్తాను (vastānu) has no pronoun before it?

    The personal ending, here -ను (-nu) for 'I'.

  • Which Telugu tense do you use for something you do regularly, like 'I work every day'?

    The future form, e.g. చేస్తాను (cēstānu).

  • How do you usually get the past for 'I' from a verb's joining form, such as చదివి (cadivi, having read)?

    Change the final -ఇ to -ఆను: చదివాను (cadivānu).

  • What's the past of చేయు (do) for 'she' or 'it'?

    చేసింది (cēsiṁdi).

  • How do you turn the future చేస్తాను (cēstānu, I'll do) into the ongoing 'I am doing'?

    చేస్తున్నాను (cēstunnānu): -తాను becomes -తున్నాను.

  • What's the ongoing ('is doing') form of చేయు for 'she' or 'it'?

    చేస్తోంది (cēstōṁdi).

  • Which personal ending goes on a verb whose subject is మీరు (you, polite or plural) or వాళ్ళు (they, people)?

    -రు (-ru), as in చేశారు (cēśāru).

  • How do you say 'I am (somewhere)' with ఉండు (be)?

    ఉన్నాను (unnānu).

  • How do you say 'I live in Vijayawada' with ఉండు (be, stay)?

    నేను విజయవాడలో ఉంటాను (nēnu vijayavāḍalō uṁṭānu).

  • How does a man say 'I used to play' with ఆడు (play)?

    ఆడేవాడిని (āḍēvāḍini).

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