Just, too, some and any
The endings -ఏ, -ఓ and -ఐనా, and a long last vowel for "too".
Small endings on a word add "just", "too", "some" or "any". They go on nouns, pronouns, question words and verbs alike.
Just, the very: -ఏ
-ఏ -ē picks a word out, like "right", "the very" or "just": ఇక్కడే ikkaḍē "right here", ఇప్పుడే ippuḍē "just now, right now", నేనే nēnē "I myself", అదే adē "that very one, the same". ఒకే okē before a noun means "one and the same". మాత్రమే mātramē "only" ends in the same -ఏ.
- atanu ippuḍē veḷḷāḍu.He has just left.
- ī pani nēnē cēśānu.I did this work myself.
- mādi okē ūru.We're from the same town.ours one-same town
Too, both, all: a long last vowel
కూడా kūḍā after a word means "too, also": నేను కూడా nēnu kūḍā "me too". Making a word's last vowel long does the same: నేనూ nēnū "me too", మీరూ mīrū "you too". On two words in a row it means "both … and": అమ్మా నాన్నా ammā nānnā "mother and father".
On a number it means "all": ఇద్దరూ iddarū "both (people)", రెండూ reṁḍū "both (things)", ముగ్గురూ muggurū "all three". అందరూ aṁdarū "everyone" and అన్నీ annī "all of them, everything" are made the same way. With a negative verb, a question word with a long last vowel means "no-": ఎవరూ evarū "nobody" (Negative verbs).
- nēnū vastānu.I'll come too.
- mēmu iddarū ḍākṭarlaṁ.We are both doctors.
- aṁdarū vaccāru.Everyone came.
Some-: -ఓ
-ఓ -ō on a question word makes "some-": ఎవరో evarō "someone", ఏదో ēdō "something", ఎక్కడో ekkaḍō "somewhere", ఎప్పుడో eppuḍō "some time, long ago". ఏమో ēmō on its own means "who knows?". Between two words it means "or": ఒకటో రెండో okaṭō reṁḍō "one or two". On a verb and its negative it gives "whether … or not": వస్తాడో రాడో vastāḍō rāḍō "whether he'll come or not".
- evarō talupu koḍutunnāru.Someone is knocking at the door.
- ēdō okaṭi tinu.Eat something.something one eat
- atanu vastāḍō rāḍō teliyadu.I don't know whether he'll come or not.
Any-: -ఐనా
-ఐనా -ainā, the "even if" form of అవు "become" (Become and happen), makes "any-": ఎవరైనా evarainā "anyone", ఏదైనా ēdainā "anything", ఎక్కడైనా ekkaḍainā "anywhere", ఎప్పుడైనా eppuḍainā "ever, any time". ఏమైనా ēmainā "anything" is used like ఏదైనా.
| Question | Some- | Any- | No- (with a negative) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ఎవరు evaru who | ఎవరో evarō someone | ఎవరైనా evarainā anyone | ఎవరూ evarū nobody |
| ఏది ēdi which | ఏదో ēdō something | ఏదైనా ēdainā anything | ఏదీ ēdī none, nothing |
| ఎక్కడ ekkaḍa where | ఎక్కడో ekkaḍō somewhere | ఎక్కడైనా ekkaḍainā anywhere | ఎక్కడా ekkaḍā nowhere |
| ఎప్పుడు eppuḍu when | ఎప్పుడో eppuḍō some time | ఎప్పుడైనా eppuḍainā ever | ఎప్పుడూ eppuḍū never |
- evarainā unnārā?Is anyone there?
- mīru eppuḍainā haidarābād veḷḷārā?Have you ever been to Hyderabad?
- ēdainā sahāyaṁ kāvālaṁṭē ceppaṁḍi.If you need any help, tell me.
Cards from this guide
10 cardsEach card asks about one thing this guide teaches, and its back gives the answer with why and an example. They're reviewed with the rest of the Sentences cards.
What does -ఏ (-ē) add to a word, as in ఇక్కడే (ikkaḍē)?
'Right', 'the very' or 'just': ఇక్కడే is 'right here'.
How do you say 'He has just left'?
అతను ఇప్పుడే వెళ్ళాడు. (atanu ippuḍē veḷḷāḍu.)
What does అదే (adē) mean?
'That very one', 'the same'.
How do you say 'We are both doctors'?
మేము ఇద్దరూ డాక్టర్లం. (mēmu iddarū ḍākṭarlaṁ.)
How do you tell someone politely 'You come too'?
మీరూ రండి. (mīrū raṁḍi.)
How do you say 'someone', from ఎవరు (who)?
ఎవరో (evarō).
How do you ask 'Is anyone there?'
ఎవరైనా ఉన్నారా? (evarainā unnārā?)
How do you ask 'Have you ever been to Hyderabad?'
మీరు ఎప్పుడైనా హైదరాబాద్ వెళ్ళారా? (mīru eppuḍainā haidarābād veḷḷārā?)
What does వస్తాడో రాడో (vastāḍō rāḍō) mean?
'Whether he'll come or not'.
What does ఏమో (ēmō) mean on its own?
'Who knows?', 'I don't know'.