Verbs · 5 of 13

The た form

Plain past.

The た form is the plain past: 書いた "wrote". Its polite counterpart is ました. The changes are the same as for the て form, with た or だ in place of て or で, so learning one gives you both.

Ichidan: drop る and add た. Godan: the ending changes as the table shows, ending in た or だ.

EndingPastExample
う, つ, るった買う → 買った, 待つ → 待った, 取る → 取った
む, ぶ, ぬんだ飲む → 飲んだ, 遊ぶ → 遊んだ, 死ぬ → 死んだ
くいた書く → 書いた
ぐいだ泳ぐ → 泳いだ
すした話す → 話した
Ichidandrop る, add た食べる → 食べた
Irregular, and 行くする → した, 来る → 来た (きた), and the godan 行く → 行った

The past negative is なかった: 書かなかった (The ない form).

Built on the た form

See Conditionals for たら, and Describing nouns with clauses for た forms before nouns.

Cards from this guide

11 cards

Each card asks about one thing this guide teaches, and its back gives the answer with why and an example. They're reviewed with the rest of the Verbs cards.

  • How do you make the た form of an ichidan verb like 見る (miru, see)?

    Drop る and add た: 見た.

  • What's the た form of 待つ (matsu, wait)?

    待った

  • What's the た form of 飲む (nomu, drink)?

    飲んだ

  • What's the た form of 書く (kaku, write)?

    書いた

  • What's the た form of 泳ぐ (oyogu, swim)?

    泳いだ

  • What's the た form of 話す (hanasu, speak)?

    話した

  • What's the た form of 行く (iku, go)?

    行った (itta)

  • What does the た form + ことがある mean, as in 行ったことがある (itta koto ga aru)?

    Have done it at some time: have been.

  • What does たり…たりする express, as in 読んだり見たりする (yondari mitari suru)?

    Doing things such as … and …, among others.

  • What does the た form + ほうがいい mean, as in 寝たほうがいい (neta hō ga ii)?

    'Had better' or 'should': you'd better sleep.

  • How do you get any verb's た form from its て form?

    Swap て for た, or で for だ.

Review these cardsSign up to learn them with spaced repetition, as you do words.