Comparing

Japanese adjectives don't change for "more" or "most". Instead, より "than", 方 hō "side" and 一番 ichiban "number one" do the work, and the adjective stays as it is.

More than: より and 方

A は B より says "A is more … than B". B より A の方が says the same with more weight on A, and is the usual answer to "which?". The B より part can be left out.

• 東京は大阪より大きいです。
  Tōkyō wa Ōsaka yori ōkii desu.
  Tokyo is bigger than Osaka.
• 大阪より東京の方が大きいです。
  Ōsaka yori Tōkyō no hō ga ōkii desu.
  Tokyo is bigger than Osaka.
  Literally: compared with Osaka, Tokyo's side is big

Which of two: どちら

どちら, or どっち in casual speech, asks which of two.

• 犬と猫と、どちらが好きですか。
  Inu to neko to, dochira ga suki desu ka.
  Which do you like better, dogs or cats?
• 猫の方が好きです。
  Neko no hō ga suki desu.
  I like cats better.

The most: 一番

一番 before an adjective means "most". The group is marked with で, or with の中で "among". For three or more choices, ask with 何, 誰, どこ or どれ instead of どちら.

• 富士山は日本で一番高い山です。
  Fujisan wa Nihon de ichiban takai yama desu.
  Mount Fuji is the highest mountain in Japan.
• 果物の中で何が一番好きですか。
  Kudamono no naka de nani ga ichiban suki desu ka.
  Which fruit do you like best?

Not as … as: ほど

A は B ほど … ない says "A is not as … as B". In this pattern ほど always goes with a negative.

• 今日は昨日ほど寒くないです。
  Kyō wa kinō hodo samuku nai desu.
  Today isn't as cold as yesterday.

The same: 同じくらい

A は B と同じくらい says "A is about as … as B". くらい can also be said ぐらい. 同じ onaji alone means "the same".

• 弟は私と同じくらい背が高いです。
  Otōto wa watashi to onaji kurai se ga takai desu.
  My younger brother is about as tall as I am.