Also, only, and, of
도, 만, 의, 와/과, 하고 and (이)랑.
도: also, too
도 means "also" or "too". It takes the place of 이/가, 은/는 and 을/를, but goes after other particles: 저도 "me too", 커피도 "coffee too", 한국에서도 "in Korea too".
- jeodo haksaengieyo.I'm a student too.
- ppangdo sayo.I'm buying bread too.
With a negative, 도 means "not even" or "either": 아무도 없어요 "there's nobody", 하나도 몰라요 "I don't know a thing".
만: only
만 means "only" and works like 도: 물만 마셔요 "I only drink water", 한국에서만 "only in Korea".
의: of, 's
의 joins two nouns as "of" or "'s", and is usually said e. In speech it is often left out: 친구의 책 and 친구 책 both mean "my friend's book". 나의, 저의 and 너의 shorten to 내, 제 and 네: 제 이름 "my name".
- igeon je gabangieyo.This is my bag.
And, with: 와/과, 하고, (이)랑
Three particles join nouns as "and", or mean "with" after a single noun:
| Particle | After a consonant | After a vowel | Style |
|---|---|---|---|
| 와/과 | 과 | 와 | Writing, formal speech |
| 하고 | 하고 | 하고 | Everyday speech |
| (이)랑 | 이랑 | 랑 | Casual speech |
- ppanghago uyureul sasseoyo.I bought bread and milk.
- chingurang yeonghwareul bwasseoyo.I saw a film with a friend.
- sangwa badamountains and sea
"And" between verbs or sentences is different: see Joining clauses.
Comparing: 보다, 처럼, 마다
- 보다 "than": 동생이 저보다 커요 "my younger brother is taller than me" (Adverbs and comparing).
- 처럼 "like, as": 가수처럼 노래해요 "she sings like a singer".
- 마다 "every": 날마다 "every day", 주말마다 "every weekend".
Cards from this guide
10 cardsEach card asks about one thing this guide teaches, and its back gives the answer with why and an example. They're reviewed with the rest of the Particles cards.
How do you say 'me too', as an answer?
저도 (jeodo).
What happens to 를 in 커피를 when you add 도 (also)?
It goes: 커피도.
How do you say 'I only drink water' with 물 (water) and 마시다 (to drink)?
물만 마셔요.
What does 도 mean with a negative, as in 아무도 없어요?
Not even, not any: 'there's nobody'.
How do you say 'my name' politely, with 이름 (name)?
제 이름.
Is the 'of' particle 의 needed in 'my friend's book'?
No: 친구 책 is usual in speech, 친구의 책 in writing.
Which 'and' between nouns is most usual in everyday speech?
하고: 빵하고 우유 'bread and milk'.
와 or 과 after 산 (mountain)?
과: 산과 바다.
How do you say 'with a friend', casually?
친구랑.
How do you say 'every day' with 날 (day)?
날마다.