Results and directions
看见, 听懂, 拿出来: endings that say how an action turned out.
A verb is often followed by a second word saying what came of it: a result or a direction.
Results
| Word | Parts | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| 看见 kànjiàn | look + perceive | see |
| 听懂 tīngdǒng | listen + understand | understand what is said |
| 找到 zhǎodào | look for + reach | find |
| 做完 zuòwán | do + finish | finish doing |
| 写错 xiěcuò | write + wrong | write wrongly |
| 洗干净 xǐ gānjìng | wash + clean | wash clean |
- Wǒ kànjiàn tā le.I saw him.
- Nǐ tīngdǒng le ma?Did you understand?
- Wǒ zhǎodào yàoshi le.I've found the keys.
The negative is 没: 我没听懂 "I didn't understand".
Directions
来 lái after a verb is movement towards the speaker, 去 qù away from them: 进来 "come in", 出去 "go out", 回来 "come back". With another direction word they follow other verbs: 拿出来 "take out", 走进去 "walk in", 站起来 "stand up".
- Qǐng jìnlai.Come in, please.
- Tā cóng bāo li ná chūlai yì běn shū.He took a book out of his bag.
Can and can't: 得 and 不
得 de or 不 bu between the verb and its ending says whether it can be done: 听得懂 "can understand", 听不懂 "can't understand", 看不见 "can't see", 来不及 "not have time".
- Wǒ tīng bu dǒng.I don't understand what's being said.
- Nǐ kàn de jiàn ma?Can you see it?
Cards from this guide
9 cardsEach card asks about one thing this guide teaches, and its back gives the answer with why and an example. They're reviewed with the rest of the Verbs cards.
How do you say "I saw him"?
我看见他了。
How do you ask "Did you understand?" about something said?
你听懂了吗？
How do you say "I can't understand (what's being said)"?
我听不懂 (wǒ tīng bu dǒng).
How do you say "Come in, please"?
请进来 (qǐng jìnlai).
What does 来 or 去 after a verb of movement add?
The direction: 来 towards the speaker, 去 away.
How do you say "I've found the keys"?
我找到钥匙了。
How do you say "stand up"?
站起来 (zhàn qǐlai).
How do you say "I didn't understand" about something said earlier?
我没听懂。
How do you ask "Have you finished eating?"
你吃完了吗？