1. Gang of Four: Jiang Qing 江青 (JiāngQīng), Zhang Chunqiao 张春桥 (ZhāngChūnqiáo), Yao Wenyuan 姚文元 (YáoWényuán), Wang Hongwen 王洪文 (WángHóngwén), who served as scapegoats for the excesses of the cultural revolution