1. of; ~'s (possessive particle)

2. (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun)

3. (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)

4. (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的 (pígéde) "one made of leather" or 跑堂儿的 (pǎotángrde) "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的 (xīnde) "new one")

5. also pr. dì or di in poetry and songs