1. to chant; to recite

2. verse; song (often used in titles of classical poems)

3. (literary) to lament; to groan

4. (bound form) (in poetry) the cry of certain animals and insects

5. (music) rapid vibrato (technique for playing the guqin 古琴 (gǔqín)) (cf. 猱 (náo), wide vibrato)