1. at; in; on (indicates place or time)

2. to; toward; into; for (indicates direction)

3. to; for; in order to (indicates purpose)

4. because of; for; with; by; due to (indicates reason or cause)

5. marks the target of an action; marks the recipient of an action (e.g. 友達～伝える)

6. marks the outcome of a change; marks the result of an action (as in 大人～なる)

7. as (i.e. in the role of; e.g. as a teacher, as a gift); for (as in "in return for"); on (i.e. on the occasion of); from (e.g. the perspective of)

8. by; from (indicates place of departure or origin of action)

9. per; in; for; a (as in "once a month")

10. with; to (marks the thing being compared to, or taken as a basis)

11. concerning; regarding; on (as in "knowledgeable on"); in; for (as in "suitable for"); as for; about (indicates relation or domain)

12. indicates manner of action; indicates a state (e.g. ず～, 仰向け～, 一足飛び～)

13. by; with; using; via (indicates means of action)

14. marks the item of a decision; marks the thing being decided on (as ～する (or ～決める))

15. forms a honorific verb (after a noun or the -masu stem of a verb; as（お／ご）...～なる)

16. indicates that an action is happening intensively; emphaticizes an action (after the -masu stem of a verb, followed by the same verb)

17. and; in addition to (as ...に...（に）etc.)

18. I did ..., but; while it is true that ...; though there may be ... (as する～はするが, where する is any repeated verb; indicates concession)

19. indicates respect toward the subject of the sentence (Honorific, as ～は, or ～も; e.g. 皆様～は)

20. at; in (Formal, indicates location of action)

21. I can't ..., even if I wanted to (as する～できない or しよう～もできない, where する is any repeated verb; e.g. 泣く～泣けない or 泣こう～も泣けない)

22. although there should be ...; even though one would expect ... (as ...（よう／う）～)

23. when; if; on (e.g. reflection) (mostly limited to set phrases in modern Japanese)

24. although; despite; even though; and yet (dated or dialectal)