1. if; when (marks hypothetical condition)

2. and; as well as

3. with; together with; accompanied by

4. used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)

5. when; once (indicates natural or certain outcome)

6. with; against; to (indicates target of action)

7. indicates manner of action; forms an adverb of manner

8. with; to (as in "similar to"); from (as in "different from"); than (marks the thing being compared to, or taken as a basis)

9. when; as; as soon as; upon; the moment that; after (indicates simultaneity, impetus or sequence)

10. as; to (indicates designation or specification)

11. marks the outcome of a change; marks the result of an action (oft. as ～なる; more formal than に)

12. what's this?; what do you mean ...?; how can you ... (at sentence end, with rising intonation; indicates scrutiny, mistrust or retort)

15. be it ... or ...; no matter (what, who, etc.) (after (repeated) volitionals)

16. indicates the order something is done in (e.g. as Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ～する, where する is any verb)

17. (not) even; (less) than; (not) as much as; within (with neg. sentence; after a small amount; emphatic)

18. like; as (indicates similarity)

19. (and) then; and; thereupon; whereupon

20. indicates a question (at sentence end)